A null hypothesis is a statement that assumes no significant difference exists between two groups, populations, or variables. The null hypothesis represents the default position that there is no effect or relationship, and it must be tested and rejected before accepting an alternative hypothesis.
An alternative hypothesis is a statement that contradicts or negates the null hypothesis. It proposes that there is a difference or a relationship between two groups, populations, or variables.
Examples of null and alternative hypotheses:
Example 1
Null Hypothesis: The mean purchase amount of customers who receive a discount coupon is not significantly different from the mean purchase amount of customers who do not receive a discount coupon.
Alternative Hypothesis: The mean purchase amount of customers who receive a discount coupon is significantly different from the mean purchase amount of customers who do not receive a discount coupon.
Example 2:
Null Hypothesis: The new website design’s click-through rate does not differ noticeably from the old website design’s click-through rate, which is the null hypothesis. Alternative Hypothesis: The new website’s click-through rate is noticeably different from the old website’s click-through rate.
Example 3
Null Hypothesis: The mean blood pressure of patients using medicine A compared to individuals taking drug B does not significantly differ.
Alternative Hypothesis: Patients using medicine A and patients taking drug B have significantly different mean blood pressure values.
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